67 lines
1.7 KiB
Markdown
67 lines
1.7 KiB
Markdown
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---
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paths:
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- "**/*.swift"
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- "**/Package.swift"
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---
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# Swift 模式 (Patterns)
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> 本檔案擴展了 [common/patterns.md](../common/patterns.md)，包含 Swift 特定內容。
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## 協定導向設計 (Protocol-Oriented Design)
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定義精簡、焦點明確的協定。使用協定擴展 (Protocol extensions) 來提供共享的預設實作：
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```swift
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protocol Repository: Sendable {
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associatedtype Item: Identifiable & Sendable
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func find(by id: Item.ID) async throws -> Item?
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func save(_ item: Item) async throws
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}
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```
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## 值型別 (Value Types)
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- 使用 Structs 作為資料傳輸物件 (DTOs) 與模型。
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- 使用帶有關聯值的 Enums 來模擬相異的狀態：
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```swift
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enum LoadState<T: Sendable>: Sendable {
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case idle
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case loading
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case loaded(T)
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case failed(Error)
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}
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```
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## Actor 模式
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對於共享的可變狀態，使用 Actors 而非鎖 (Locks) 或派遣佇列 (Dispatch queues)：
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```swift
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actor Cache<Key: Hashable & Sendable, Value: Sendable> {
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private var storage: [Key: Value] = [:]
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func get(_ key: Key) -> Value? { storage[key] }
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func set(_ key: Key, value: Value) { storage[key] = value }
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}
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```
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## 依賴注入 (Dependency Injection)
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使用帶有預設參數的協定進行注入 — 生產環境使用預設值，測試環境則注入 Mock：
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```swift
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struct UserService {
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private let repository: any UserRepository
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init(repository: any UserRepository = DefaultUserRepository()) {
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self.repository = repository
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}
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}
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```
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## 參考資源
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參見技能 (Skill)：`swift-actor-persistence`，獲取基於 Actor 的持久化模式。
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參見技能 (Skill)：`swift-protocol-di-testing`，獲取基於協定的 DI 與測試模式。
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